Scurvy
Scurvy is a condition caused by a severe and prolonged deficiency of vitamin C (ascorbic acid). Vitamin C is essential for the production of collagen, a protein that gives structure to skin, blood vessels, bones and connective tissue.
Scurvy is rare in the UK but can occur in people with very limited diets, those with conditions affecting nutrient absorption, and people who smoke (as smoking reduces vitamin C levels in the body).
Symptoms develop after several weeks of deficiency and may include fatigue, swollen and bleeding gums, bruising easily, joint pain, slow wound healing and corkscrew-shaped body hairs.
A blood test for vitamin C can confirm deficiency. Scurvy responds rapidly to vitamin C supplementation.
Causes of Scurvy
Scurvy is caused by prolonged dietary deficiency of vitamin C. The body cannot produce or store vitamin C, so a regular dietary supply is essential.
People at higher risk include:
- Those with very restricted diets, including people living in poverty, those with severe mental health conditions and older adults with limited food access
- People who smoke, as smoking increases the body's requirement for vitamin C
- Individuals with conditions affecting nutrient absorption, such as Crohn's disease
- People with alcohol or drug dependence, who may have poor nutritional intake
Symptoms typically develop after eight to twelve weeks of insufficient vitamin C intake (below approximately 10mg per day). The recommended daily intake for adults in the UK is 40mg.
Tests that can help check this condition
Learn more on the official NHS page .
