Mycoplasma genitalium
Mycoplasma genitalium is a sexually transmitted bacterium that can cause infection in the genital and urinary tracts. It has become increasingly recognised as a significant cause of non-gonococcal urethritis in men and cervicitis and pelvic inflammatory disease in women.
Many people with Mycoplasma genitalium have no symptoms. When symptoms occur, they may include pain or burning when urinating, unusual genital discharge and, in women, bleeding after sex or between periods.
If untreated, the infection can lead to complications including pelvic inflammatory disease and may affect fertility. Macrolide resistance testing is increasingly important because a significant proportion of Mycoplasma genitalium infections are resistant to first-line antibiotics. Testing guides the choice of antibiotic to ensure effective treatment.
Causes of Mycoplasma genitalium
Mycoplasma genitalium infection is caused by the bacterium Mycoplasma genitalium, which is transmitted through unprotected vaginal or anal sex.
Risk factors are similar to those for other STIs:
- Having a new sexual partner or multiple partners
- Inconsistent use of condoms
- Being younger (under 25)
- Having a history of other STIs
Antibiotic resistance is a growing concern with Mycoplasma genitalium. Macrolide resistance has been detected in a substantial proportion of UK cases, making resistance-guided therapy essential. Without testing for resistance, first-line treatment may fail, allowing the infection to persist and potentially cause complications.
Tests that can help check this condition
Learn more on the official NHS page .
