Bacterial vaginosis
Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is a common condition caused by an imbalance in the bacteria that normally live in the vagina. It is not a sexually transmitted infection, though it is more common in sexually active women.
BV often causes no symptoms. When symptoms are present, they typically include a thin, greyish-white vaginal discharge with a characteristic fishy smell, particularly after intercourse.
The condition is caused by an overgrowth of certain bacteria, including Gardnerella vaginalis and Mycoplasma hominis, that disrupt the normal vaginal flora. BV is treated with antibiotics, though recurrence is common.
If left untreated, BV may increase the risk of complications during pregnancy and susceptibility to sexually transmitted infections.
Causes of Bacterial vaginosis
Bacterial vaginosis develops when the normal balance of bacteria in the vagina is disrupted. In a healthy vagina, Lactobacillus species predominate and maintain an acidic environment that suppresses the growth of other organisms.
When Lactobacillus numbers decline, other bacteria such as Gardnerella vaginalis, Mycoplasma hominis and various anaerobes can overgrow, raising the vaginal pH and causing symptoms.
Factors associated with BV include:
- Having a new sexual partner or multiple sexual partners
- Use of vaginal douches or perfumed products in or around the vagina
- Having an intrauterine device (IUD) fitted
- Smoking
BV is not caused by poor hygiene. In fact, excessive washing of the vaginal area can disrupt the natural bacterial balance. The condition can affect any woman, though it is less common in women who have never been sexually active.
Tests that can help check this condition
Learn more on the official NHS page .
